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Metabolic Syndrome and Serum Alanine Aminotransferase Levels in Korean Adults : The Third Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES III), 2005.
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Mi Ah Han, So Yeon Ryu, Jong Park, Myung Geun Kang, Ki Soon Kim
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Korean J Epidemiol. 2008;30(1):25-33. Published online June 30, 2008
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/kje.2008.30.1.25
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Abstract
PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the metabolic syndrome and alanine aminotransferase(SGPT) levels in Korean adults.
METHODS The study subjects were 4,325 adults aged > or = 19 years without an apparent cause of liver disease from the Third Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(2005). The metabolic syndrome was defined using criteria established by the NCEP/ATP III, while abdominal obesity was assessed based on the Asia-Pacific guidelines.
Subjects with SGPT > or = 40 IU/L were considered to have elevated SGPT levels. Demographic characteristics, waist circumference, blood pressure, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, fasting blood sugar were recorded for statistical analysis.
RESULTS The prevalence of elevated SGPT levels was significantly increase with the presence of the metabolic syndrome and its components. In multiple logistic regression analyses, odds ratio for the elevated SGPT levels was significantly high in the subjects with the metabolic syndrome compared to the subjects without metabolic syndrome after adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics and health-related behavior.
CONCLUSIONS The metabolic syndrome was independently associated with SGPT levels in Korean adults.
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The Epidemiologic Characteristics of Measles for Two Years in a Metropolitan City: Based on the reported measles cases since 2000.
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Hyun Kyun Ki, Young Hwa Jung, Jae Keun Chung, So Yeon Ryu, Ki Soon Kim
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Korean J Epidemiol. 2002;24(1):63-75.
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There has been an epidemic of measles in Korea since 2000. Therefore, we analyze the epidemiologic haracteristics of measles in Gwangju Metropolitan City.METHODS We reviewed the epidemiologic investigation records and laboratory data of the measles patients reported in Gwangju Metropolitan City from January 1st 2000.RESULTS 1) Demographic characteristics: Totally, 3,392 cases were surveyed and 3,300 cases were enrolled (3,300/3,392, 97.3%). Fifty-four percents of the patients were male (1,771/3,300) and forty-six percents of the patients were female (1,529/3,300). Average age of the patients was 8.20 years (8.20 5.56 years). Forty-seven percents of the patients were reported in the interval from November 2000 to December 2000 (1,582/3,298, 47.9%). 2) Clinical manifestations of the patients: Common symptoms of measles patients were fever (3,300/3,300, 100.0%), skin rash (3,068/3,300, 93.0%), cough (2,889/3,300, 87.5%), rhinorrhea (1,883/3,300, 57.1%), headache (1,445/3,300, 43.8%), conjunctival injection (1,182/3,300, 35.8%), and oral thrush (832/3,300, 25.2%).
Among the patients, 250 patients had complications (250/3,300, 7.6%) and most of them were respiratory complications (220/250, 88.0%). 3) Vaccination: Eighty-six percent of the enrolled patients answered the question about vaccination (2,854/3,300, 86.4%); 808 patients were not taken a shot (808/2854, 28.3%), 1,762 patients received one dose (1,762/2,854, 61.7%), and 284 patients received additional dose (284/2,854, 9.9%). 4) Laboratory data: Laboratory confirmed cases were 780 patients (780/3,300, 23.6%); 603 cases were confirmed serologically, 185 cases were positive in PCR, and virus was isolated in 6 cases.
Genetic sequencing of the isolated viruses was clade H1 and closely related to that of China.CONCLUSION Therefore, adequate surveillance and maintenance of high coverage rate of the vaccination would be the crucial factors to eradicate measles
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Measles Outbreak among Institutional Infants after Hospital Infection.
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Hyung Cheol Park, Eun Young Park, Sun Hee Cho, Young Jun Choi, Hyun Kyun Ki, Young Hwa Jung, Kyung Rye Moon, So Yeon Ryu, Ki Soon Kim
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Korean J Epidemiol. 2001;23(1):50-58.
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S: This study was to investigate the source of infection, mode of transmission and incidence of a measles outbreak among infants living in a Gwangju welfare institution in July 2000.METHODS The information about 63 children was collected through the nurses interview and blood sampling and laryngopharyngeal swab were conducted to the children. In addition, an epidemiologic survey was performed to confirm the infection dissemination route.RESULTS Before the outbreak, two children living at the institution were admitted to a university hospital for other health problems. These children shared a room with a 5 year old diagnosed with meningitis who was later diagnosed as having measles after rashes appeared. The two children developed measles after returning to their institution and the infection spread to other children in the institution.
Among 63 children observed, 14 children(22.2%) developed measles, secondary attack rate of measles due to index cases was 19.7%. And 78.6% of the patients were between 4 and 8 months old. The room where the index case lived showed an attack rate of 81.8%, which is a much higher rate compared to other rooms. The attack rate among boys(26.0%) was higher than that of girls(12.5%), but it was not statistically significant.CONCLUSIONS This outbreak was considered to be a nosocomial infection, where the index cases were admitted to a hospital, infected and the infection spread to children.
Further studies are necessary to find out the maternal antibody levels of infants of post-vaccinated mothers and the optimal age for measles vaccination.
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The Study on the Association between Smoking and Coronary Artery Stenosis in Some Autopsy Cases.
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Ik Jo Chung, Ki Soon Kim, Jong Park, So Yeon Ryu, Youn Shin Kim, Won Tae Lee, Sung Chul Lim
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Korean J Epidemiol. 2000;22(1):42-51.
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Coronary artery disease(CAD), such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and sudden death has been considered the major cause of death for decades and their incidence and prevalence are still increasing. Numerous studies have been done on the risk factor analysis of CAD. But, they were usually based on the clinical and epidemiologic studies of the living patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for the cardiovascular diseases in autopsy cases from Korean men.
The author analysed 81 cases of heart who underwent legal autopsy from Aug. to Dec. 1998. The author measured percent stenosis of coronary artery, site of stenosis, perimeter of aorta, heart weight, body weight, and height and checked the past history including smoking, drinking and age.
The results were as follows: 1) Coronary artery stenosis had a positive correlation with age, perimeter of aorta and smoking, but had no correlation with body weight, height, body mass index, heart weight, and drinking.
2) According to the logistic regression analysis, smoking amount and age were significantly associated with coronary artery stenosis.
In conclusion, smoking was the most significant independent variable for coronary artery stenosis of some Korean men.
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An Evaluation Study on the Cardiovascular Risk Factors of the Staff in a University.
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Ki Soon Kim, Chan Guk Park, Soon Pyo Hong, Yang Ok Kim, Jong Park, So Yeong Ryu
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Korean J Epidemiol. 1996;18(1):64-75.
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To get basic data for the development of health care toward the staff of a university, an evaluation study of the risk factors for the cardiovascular disease utilizing data from questionnaire and health examination performed in 1994 for 1233 staff of Chosun University and its affiliated Hospital.
The results are as follows: 1. The mean values of systolic blood pressure was 122.0+/-14.7mmHg for the male and 111.8+/-12. lmmHg for the female. The mean values of diastolic blood pressure was 82. 5+/-12.0mmHg for the male and 73.7+/-10.0mmHg for the female. The mean values of serum total cholesterol was 185.6+/-33.4mg/dl for the male and 173.5+/-32.6mg/dl for the female. The mean values of body mass index(BMI) was 23. l+/-2.4kg/m2 for the male and 21.5+/-2.3kg/m2 for the female. The smoking rate of the male was 47. 6% and that of the female was 0.4%. 2. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels increased with age in both sexes. Under 55 years of age the mean blood pressures of the male were higher than that of the female, but the levels of both sexes at 55-64 year old group did not show any big difference. The mean values of serum total cholesterol and BMI also increased with age in both sexes.
Under 45 years of age, the serum cholesterol and BMI levels of the male were higher than that of the female, but on the contrary, levels of the male were lower than that of the female at 55-64 year old groups. The mean cholestrol and BMI levels of both sexes at 45-54 year old group was similar. As the age increases, the rate of exsmoker increased and the rate of current smoker decreased among the male. 3. The additive cardiovascular risk scores were calculated considering the values of blood pressure, serum total cholesterol level and the smoking status. The distribution curve of risk scores for the male showed 39. 1% under 4 points and 60.9% above 4 points with the peak at 4 points.
61.7% of the female showed that the risk scores were under 4 points and the rest was more than 4 points with maximum 9 points. As a whole the risk scores of the female were lower than that of the male. 4. By the analysis of association between the risk score of cardiovascular disease and the subjective symptom under the stratification of age and sex, the prevalence of exertional dyspnea was significantly higher at 35-44 year male group and prevalence of dizziness was significantly higher at 45-64 year male group as the risk score of cardiovascular disease increased. Among 25 34 year and 45-64 year female group persons with lower risk score of cardiovascular disease showed higher prevalence of dizziness than persosns with higher risk score.
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A follow-up study of a community hypertension control program in a Korean rural area (I)
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Ki Soon Kim, Chang Up Park, Haeng Hoon Lee, Sung Ok Chung
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Korean J Epidemiol. 1981;3(1):45-54.
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For Hypertension patients registered in Yongjin Community Hypertension Control Program from Nov. 1979 until Oct. 1980, a follow-up investigation on treatment rate, change of blood pressure, incidence of stroke and case fatality rate during last one year was conducted.
The Results were as follows:
1. Total number of patients registered in Yongjin Community Hypertension Control Program until Oct. 1981 was 324, 7.2% of target population 30 years or above in age.
2. Before registration 46.3% of registered knew that they were hypertensive and 64% among those who knew that they were hypertensive were not treated for their hypertension.
3. Eighty six percent of registered contacted with a team member of Yongjin Community Hypertension Control Program, but 27% sought medical care from the team for the disease during last one year.
4. Those who have diastolic hypertension sought mdhical care more frequently among hypertensive patents and those who have subjective symptoms due to hypertension sought the care twice as much double rate of treatment than those who didn’t have subjective symptoms.
5. Mean blood pressure at rescreening during Nov. 1981 was slightly lower than mean blood pressure at registration time, but the difference was not significant statistically.
6. The mean blood pressure of both groups illiterates and literate hypertensive patients decreased at rescreening time in the same degree.
7. Incidence rate of stroke among registered hypertensives was 7.2% and case fatality rate due to stroke was 68.4% during last one year.
8. Mean blood pressure of those who experienced stroke was significantly higher than those of who didn’t have experience of stroke, and 25% among those who have 160/95 mmHg or above blood pressure experienced stroke already or died of stroke.
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